THEORY OF EARTH CRUST DISPLACEMENT

Theory of Crustal Displacement

The theory of Crustal Displacement states that the entire crust of the Earth can shift in one piece like the lose skin on an orange.
By studying the carcasses of the woolly mammoth and rhino found in the northern regions of Siberia and Canada one can see the land these animals gazed on was suddenly shoved into a much colder climate. Their stomachs reveal food found in warm climates where they grazed just prior to their deaths. This was found frozen along with them suddenly.
Thousands of animals were found to be frozen in a brief moment of geological time. Ancient maps of Antarctica suggests that it too was 'frozen over' in a brief moment in time.
It has been suggested that approximately 12,000 years ago there was a displacement of the Earth's crust. The entire outer shell of the earth moved approximately 2,000 miles. When the Earth's crust shifted all of Antarctica was encapsulated by the polar zone. At the same time North American was released from the Arctic Circle and became temperate.
This is based on the theory of Continental Drift - the continents of the earth have been slowly drifting apart over millions of years. This is possible because the outer crust of the Earth floats upon a semi-liquid layer.

A pole shift theory is a hypothesis based on geologic evidence that the physical north and south poles of Earth have not always been at their present-day locations; in other words, the axis of rotation had shifted. Pole shift theory is almost always discussed in the context of Earth, but other solar system bodies may have experienced axial reorientation during their existences.
One early popular proponent of a pole shift theory was Charles Hapgood.
Charles H. Hapgood, (1904-1982) was an American academician, and one of the best known advocates of a Polar Shift Theory. Hapgood received a master's degree from Harvard University in 1932 in medieval and modern History. His Ph.D. work on the French Revolution was interrupted by the Great Depression. He taught for a year in Vermont, directed a community center in Provincetown, and served as the Executive Secretary of Franklin Roosevelt's Crafts Commission.
During World War II, Hapgood worked for the COI which later became the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), then for the Red Cross, and finally served as a liaison officer between the White House and the Office of the Secretary of the War.
After World War II, Hapgood taught history at Springfield College in New Hampshire. One of his students questioned the Lost Continent of Mu. This led to a class project to investigate Atlantis and possible ways that massive Earth changes could occur.
In 1958 Hapgood published his first book, The Earth's Shifting Crust in collaboration with James H. Campbell, a mathematician and engineer. Here we find a foreword by Albert Einstein shortly before his death.

I frequently receive communications from people who wish to consult me concerning their unpublished ideas. It goes without saying that these ideas are very seldom possessed of scientific validity. The very first communication, however, that I received from Mr. Hapgood electrified me. His idea is original, of great simplicity, and if it continues to prove itself of great importance to everything that is related to the history of the earth's surface. I think that this rather astonishing, even fascinating, idea deserves the serious attention of anyone who concerns himself with the theory of the Earth's development.

Einstein also wrote...

In a polar region there is a continual deposition of ice, which is not symmetrically distributed about the pole. The Earth's rotation acts on these unsymmetrically deposited masses [of ice], and produces centrifugal momentum that is transmitted to the rigid crust of the Earth. The constantly increasing centrifugal momentum produced in this way will, when it has reached a certain point, produce a movement of the Earth's crust over the rest of the Earth's body, and this will displace the polar regions toward the equator.

In The Earth's Shifting Crust, and two successive books, Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings (1966) and The Path of the Pole (1970), Hapgood proposed the radical theory that the Earth's axis has shifted numerous times during geological history. The Earth's crust had undergone repeated displacements and that the geological concepts of continental drift, and sea-floor spreading, owed their secondary livelihoods to the primary nature of crustal shift. According to Hapgood, crustal shift was made possible by a layer of liquid rock situated about 100 miles beneath the surface of the planet.
A pole shift would thus displace the Earth's crust in around the inner mantle, resulting in crustal rock's being exposed to magnetic fields of a different direction. Hapgood created this theory by documenting three Earth crust displacements in the last 100,000 years. He believed that this cataclysmic shift is caused by imbalanced ice at the polar caps. Over time ice builds up at the poles reaching as much as two miles in thickness.
Hapgood revised key parts of his thinking because his calculations convinced him that the mass of the ice cap on Antartica could not destabilize the Earth's rotation. In The Path of the Pole he wrote:

Polar wandering is based on the idea that the outer shell of the Earth shifts about from time to time, moving some continents toward and other continents away from the poles. Continental drift is based on the idea that the continents move individually. A few writers have suggested that perhaps continental drift causes polar wandering. This book advances the notion that polar wandering is primary and causes the displacement of continents. My book will present evidence that the last shift of the Earth's crust (the lithosphere) took place in recent time, at the close of the last ice age, and that it was the cause of the improvement in climate.

Hapgood goes on to mention two areas where he finds much of his evidence, in data derived from studies of geomagnetism and from carbon 14 dating. Although he argued that such global disruptions happened repeatedly, Hapgood was rejecting the idea that such disruptions could happen quickly.
Based primarily on that technical data, he argued that each shift took approximately five thousand years, followed by 20 to 30 thousand year periods with no polar movements. Also, in his calculations, the area of movement never covered more than 40 degrees. The presence of a truly liquid layer between the core and the outer crust would allow such slippage, moderated by inertial forces.

Looking down on the current North Pole, we can identify at least 3 previous positions of the pole, according to Hapgood. These are shown roughly by the numbered red dots below.
In his revised version, the movements to each of these positions were not cataclymically fast, but relatively slow. Each took about 5000 years. According to his interpretation of the evidence, after each shift the new north pole remained in place for between 20 and 30 thousand years.
If the poles shift even as little (within 40 degrees) as Hapgood argues, then the equator moves in significant ways. This is shown below by the red lines on the paired views of the globe). Each pair shows two views of where the equator would be, roughly, for each position of the north pole shown above.
The changes in position are especially noticable by where the equator cuts across the African continent in each situation--high, diagonally or low, compared to today.

The 3 different time periodsNorth Pole Position #1

From the Yukon area of North America at about 80, 000 B.P.
and moving east by 75,000 B.P to the Greenland Sea.
North Pole #2

From the Greenland Sea, starting at about 55,000 B.P. and then
moving south-west by 50,000 B.P. towards what is now Hudson Bay.
North Pole #3

From the Hudson Bay area at about 17,000 P.P. and
moving north to its present location by about 12,000 B.P.
If the equator shifts, the line of tropics and sub-tropics also shifts.
You can see the rough locations of shifts from
deserts to 'jungles' because of equator relocations.
Notice that what is now Brazil--and the Amazon--
are would be on the equator in all 3 situations.
Saudi Arabia (and its potential for oil) would be very close in each situation.
Hapgood's chart of different locations of the North pole within the last 100,000 years.
Hapgood speculated that the ice mass at one or both poles over-accumulates which destabilizes the earth's rotational balance, causing slippage of all or much of earth's outer crust around the earth's core, which retains its axial orientation.
This happens either slowly (conservative version) or quickly (radical version). The results of the shift occurring every 12,000 to 20,000 years or so results in dramatic climate changes for most of the earth's surface as areas that were formally equatorial become temperate, and areas that were temperate become either more equatorial or more arctic.
Hapgood wrote to Canadian librarian, Rand Flem-Ath, encouraging him in his pursuit of scientific evidence to back Hapgood's claim and in his expansion of the theory. Flem-Ath published the results of this work in 1995 in the book When the Sky Fell.
Rand Flem-Ath and Graham Hancock write that an unknown advanced civilization existed on the Antarctica continent and was destroyed by cataclysmic shifting of the crust of the Earth. That civilization was Atlantis based upon a very liberal, loose, and speculative interpretation of the myth of Atlantis as told by Plato.
Regardless of whatever one chooses to call it, the main claim is that the remains of advanced, lost technological civilization lie buried beneath Antarctica.
One has to wonder ... if such a civilization existed, why have the ruined cities, infrastructure, and other artifacts of a lost advanced civilization that made the source maps for the Piri Reis, Oronteus Finaeus, and Buache maps and inspired megalithic architecture not been found?
According to Graham Hancock's Fingerprints of the Gods, the remains of this civilization lie buried beneath the Antarctic ice cap where it was destroyed and buried by Earth crustal displacement.
Other theories which are not dependent upon polar ice masses include:

• A high-velocity asteroid or comet which hits Earth at such an angle that the lithosphere moves independent of the mantle
• An unusually magnetic celestial object which passes close enough to Earth to temporarily reorient the magnetic field, which then "drags" the lithosphere about a new axis of rotation. Eventually, the sun's magnetic field again determines the Earth's, after the intruding celestial object returns to a location it cannot influence Earth.

These theories are currently not accepted by the scientific community, but debate is ongoing.
Prof. Charles Hapgood created this theory, documenting three Earth crust displacements in the last 100,000 years.
Some researchers believe that they happen every 41,000 years and that the last one happened 11,500 years ago. Hauptgood believes that this cataclysmic shift is caused by imbalanced ice at the polar caps. Over time ice builds up at the poles reaching as much as two miles in thickness.

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Piri Reis MapThe earliest maps supposedly were written on clay tablets and come from the ancient babylonians around 2300BC. These maps were of land lots and were used to control taxation. There are maps made on silk from China around the 2nd century BC. The Mayans and Incas made maps of the territories they conquered. In the early 1300's navigators developed maps of the Mediterranean and other known coastlines. Finally in modern times we have perfected the art of map making and navigation. Only since the late 1700's has it been possible to record accurate geographic information.
There is a map called Piri Reis - dating from 1513, which was made by a man named Piri Ibn Haji Memmed, otherwise known as Piri Reis. This man was an Admiral in the Turkish navy. Today we only have a fragment of the original map.
Piri claimed:

• the map was made from approximately 20 original source maps.
• the western portion of the map was obtained from Christopher Columbus
• some of the source maps were dated from the time of Alexander the Great
• some of the maps were based upon mathematics

Charles Hapgood performed a detailed analysis of this map. He worked with students from Keene State College, as well as with cartographers from the US Air Force. After a detailed analysis, several interesting observations were made.
Conclusions:

• The map provided remarkably accurate latitude and longitude locations of coastal features of Africa, North and South America, and a portion of Antarctica. (This point is contested by many people and is addressed later in the section on Antarctica)
• The source maps themselves utilize the principles of plane geometry and an ability to account for the curvature of the Earths surface
• The knowledge of longitude suggests either a people, or a mechanism, that are currently unknown to us. (This is because the ability to determine longitude with any degree of accuracy is not known before AD 1700 (?) ).
• The map is based on an equidistant projection with its center on the meridian of Alexandria in Egypt

Professor Hapgood presented a number of exhibits in his book, The Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings to support these claims. He also presented a plethora of empirical evidence to back up these points.
To understand the method of projection examine the following map. This is a section of an equidistant projection centered on Memphis Egypt. This map was produced by the US Air Force. Note the similar distortion of the coastline of the Americas between Piri and this map.

This map shows the superimposition of the portolan type projection on the equidistant projection. Note that the numbers on the outside of the largest circle correspond with projection points on the map of Piri Reis.

The degree of accuracy contained in the Piri Reis map is extraordinary. Given that the author of this map himself claimed to have based this map, not on his own surveying skills, but rather on ancient maps going back to the 1400's and earlier, serious questions about the development of navigation as we currently understand it.

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Oronteus Finaeus World Map (1532) showing Antarctica.
Hapgood and his team converted this map from its
current projection method into a modern projection method.
The first image is the map as it was drawn by Oronteus Finaeus.

Next they converted it to a modern projection method as shown below.

Compare the above with a modern map of Antarctica
to see at a glance just how close they were.
This demonstrates that sometime in the history of the earth, before at least the 1500's a sea faring people existed that could circumnavigate the globe and accurately survey its features